Feed products should have the following characteristics: nutrition, physiology, marketability, safety, economy and practicality. It is divided as follows:
1. Nutrition: The feed formula design must be formulated according to the nutritional needs of the animals, and then according to the animal species, age, weight, use, physiological condition and living environment, the corresponding feed is designed according to its particularity.
When considering nutrition, the energy needs of animals must be met first, because only on the basis of meeting the energy can the needs of protein, amino acids, minerals and trace elements be considered, and secondly, the ratio of feed energy to nutrients such as protein must be considered to meet the requirements of feed standards. High-energy feed has high protein; low-energy feed has low protein. It has a protein-energy ratio balance problem, and also considers the requirements of nutrients such as amino acids, minerals and vitamins. This makes it much easier to design recipes to meet your needs.
2. Physiological: The palatability and volume of the feed must be adapted to the digestive physiology of the animal. The palatability of the feed directly affects the feed intake of the animals. If the volume of the feed is too large, it will cause excessive burden on the digestive tract and affect the digestion and absorption of the feed; if the volume is too small, the animals will still feel hungry even if the nutrients have been met, while in a state of unease. For animals, only by obtaining enough energy from the ration can they meet the physiological needs, that is, to maintain the normal life activities and renewal of the body tissues.
3. Marketability: The design must take the market as the goal, the customer as the development object, and the customer demand as the guide. When designing the formula, the positioning of the product must be clarified, for example, the grade of the product, the scope of customers, the current and future approval and development prospects of the product, etc. should be clearly defined. In addition, we should pay attention to the characteristics of competitive products, and strive to guide customers to develop green feed and use green feed to produce green food.
4. Safety: The safety of feed products is not only related to the safety and health of feeding animals, but also indirectly affects the health and safety of people. Recently the concept of feed product safety has been extended to include safety to the environment. With the improvement of people's living standards, the improvement of dietary structure, the more advocacy of green food, and the frequent occurrence of safety incidents in recent years, the Chinese government and relevant scientific research institutions have gradually paid more attention to the safety of feed. In this regard, through the regulation of rations, the rational use of natural plants and green additives, the emission of nutrients is reduced, the pressure on the environment is reduced, and a living environment that people are satisfied with is achieved.
5. Economy: As a commodity, feed product must consider its economic and social benefits. The formula design must always reduce feed costs as much as possible on the basis of meeting the requirements of animal nutrition and other aspects. The long-term goal is of course the pursuit of profit, and the application of new formulation methods and software has greatly helped designers in pursuing economics. Widespread application of new products has broad prospects for improving the social environment and benefiting mankind.
6. Practicality: A good feed formula should achieve good feed effect, high feed remuneration, high economic benefits, low cost, and user satisfaction. This is not a random percentage, the nutritional standard of theoretical calculation can be achieved. It must be verified repeatedly through scientific and strict labor practice. It has a long-term repeated cycle continuous process, there must be a number of years of experience and accumulation. For example, the optimal dosage and feed also need a quality tracking service, so as to grasp the product quality and feeding effect, understand the needs of customers, and listen to customers' opinions, so as to provide reliable data for formula design and improvement.